Parts of speech as manifestations of the peculiarities of consciousness and the unconscious (in the light of the system-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan)
The article examines parts of speech, taking into account the latest discoveries in the field of psychoanalysis - system-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan …
Parts of speech as manifestations of the peculiarities of consciousness and the unconscious (in the light of the system-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan)
On the basis of the system-vector paradigm of Yuri Burlan, scientific research in applied psycholinguistics, which had no precedent and pushing the boundaries of standard approaches, continues.
We bring to your attention a work that studies the correlation of parts of speech with representative manifestations of the unconscious and conscious. The article was published in the journal “Philological Sciences. Questions of theory and practice "of the publishing house" Gramota "in number 10 in 2015. This journal is included in the list of the Higher Attestation Commission and is included in the database of the Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI).
UDC 81'22
The article examines parts of speech taking into account the latest discoveries in the field of psychoanalysis - system-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan. The study shows that all independent parts of speech have psychic roots in the unconscious component of the psyche and reflect its eight-dimensional nature, and the service parts of speech result from the peculiarities of consciousness - an instrument serving the unconscious part of the psyche. The work examines the psychic root of each part of speech.
PARTS OF SPEECH AS A MANIFESTATION OF PECULIARITIES OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE UNCONSCIOUS (IN THE LIGHT OF THE SYSTEM-VECTOR PSYCHOLOGY OF YURI BURLAN)
1. Independent and service parts of speech
This article will consider the question of the mental roots of parts of speech. Parts of speech are lexico-grammatical classes of words, united by the same features at the level of a) semantics, b) morphology and c) syntax [1, p. 92]. Let us explain their general manifestations in each of these aspects.
a) Each part of speech has its own categorical meaning. For example, a verb denotes a feature of an object dynamically, through manifestation of itself in time (sail 1 turns white), and an adjective represents a feature of an object statically, outside of temporal flow (white sail).
1 Hereinafter, examples are given, compiled by the author of the article (in the absence of reference to another author).
b) In the same language, each part of speech has the same morphological categories. For example, in Russian, a noun is characterized by the categories of gender, number and case (table, tables, table, table, etc.), and a verb - person, number, time, mood and voice (read, read, read, read, read, etc..).
c) Each independent part of speech (i.e., capable of performing a syntactic function) is characterized by the same set of primary and secondary syntactic roles. For example, for a verb the primary function in a sentence is the predicate, and for a noun - the subject and addition: Workers (subject) build (predicate) a house (addition).
In order to study the mental roots of parts of speech, you first need to find out whether consciousness or unconsciousness "generates" them. Therefore, this research must take into account the facts of exact science, which studies the unconscious and consciousness. Such a science is the system-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan, based on the most important discoveries in the field of psychoanalysis, made in the last century by Z. Freud, S. Spielrein, V. Ganzen and V. Tolkachev. On the basis of scientific findings of predecessors, as well as his own discoveries, Yuri Burlan creates an integral system of properties and laws of the psyche, capable of explaining any phenomenon associated with a person. Thus, Yu. Burlan raises knowledge about the human psyche to the level of exact science. Currently, system-vector psychology is beginning to be applied in a wide variety of areas related to humans: medicine, psychiatry,psychology, pedagogy, forensic science [2; four; 7; 8].
According to Yuri Burlan's system-vector psychology, thoughts that arise in consciousness are tools that ensure the realization of unconscious desires, which means that consciousness and thinking are always associated with the unconscious. Since thought is formed in linguistic form, thinking, as an ability of consciousness, also has a close connection with language. Thus, language is associated not only with consciousness, but also with unconscious desires. Therefore, we can assume that some elements of the language have their own psychic root in consciousness, while others - in the unconscious. Consider this question regarding parts of speech and their participation in the formation of utterances.
As you know, the organization of a sentence is based on syntactic connections, thanks to which a word is perceived not as an isolated unit of the dictionary, but in its relation to another word. The type of dependence of one word on another is its syntactic function: subject, predicate, addition, definition, etc. For example, a noun can act as:
- subject (Teacher explains a new topic),
- additions (students listen to the teacher),
- the nominal part of the compound predicate (My brother is a teacher),
- definitions (The teacher's explanation was clear to everyone).
The syntactic role is played only by independent parts of speech (nouns, adjectives, verbs, etc.), in contrast to the service word classes (prepositions, conjunctions, etc.). This is due to the fact that the latter only help independent parts of speech to form into statements (the teacher and students enter the classroom), that is, they are secondary to them. Thus, we can assume that it is the independent parts of speech that arise from the very root of the psyche - our unconscious desires, while the service parts of speech arise from the peculiarities of consciousness - that is, the instrument that serves the unconscious part of the psyche. Let us consider which particular feature of consciousness is reflected in the service classes of words.
The service parts of speech include articles (English / the; German ein / der; French un / le), prepositions (on, under, about), conjunctions (and, or, but, if), particles (not, whether, exactly, even), interjections (oh, oh, oh) and word-phrases (yes, no). Let's try to determine their role in the design of the statement.
- A preposition and a union bind together two separate semantic entities (two words or two sentences), creating a more complex unity (a phrase or a complex sentence): A gift for a sister. Go to a shop. Teacher and students. We didn't go out of town because it was raining heavily.
- Interjection and word-phrase "squeeze" polysyllabic integrity into monosyllabic. So, for example, the interjection echo, expressing regret, vexation, disappointment, is a "compression" of such a statement, which conveys these feelings through a detailed emotional message: I am terribly sorry about this! / I am insanely annoyed! / I'm so disappointed with that! etc. Word-phrase yes, spoken in response to the question Are you leaving tomorrow? is equivalent to the whole affirmative phrase I am leaving tomorrow, which means it corresponds to its condensed version.
- The article 2 and the particle refer to some semantic integrity - a word (le départ) or a sentence (Is he leaving?). Thanks to them, the content of this semantic integrity is combined with the features of the communicative act (the purpose of the statement or the context 3), creating a qualitatively new semantic unity. So, when using a noun with an article, the content of the concept is expressed not in isolation, but in relation to the context. For example, in French, the use of the indefinite article un (→ un livre) with the noun livre (book) forms the concept of a book that is not individualized for the interlocutor (one book separated from other books). The use of the definite article le (→ le livre), on the contrary, creates the concept of a book, individualized for the interlocutor (a representation clearly correlated with the very referent that the speaker has in mind).
2 The question of the presence / absence of an article in a particular language was considered in the article "Manifestations of the mentality of the people in the grammar of their language" [11, p. 204 - 205]. The study took into account such a component of the psyche as the mental superstructure. The mental properties of various mental superstructures, revealed by system-vector psychology, made it possible to establish a connection between the presence / absence of an article in a particular language and the mentality of its speakers.
3In linguistics, the proper linguistic and extralinguistic context are distinguished. The first is understood as a fragment of an oral or written text. It includes the unit chosen for analysis and is necessary and sufficient in order to determine its meaning so that it does not contradict the general meaning of the given text. [5] And the extralinguistic context is a communication situation: “the conditions of communication, the subject line, the time and place of communication, the communicants themselves, their relationship to each other, etc. So, is the meaning of the statement Window open? can be interpreted as a request to close or open a window depending on the temperature in the room and outside, from street noise, ie, on the conditions of communication. " [5] Articles and particles can communicate with both linguistic and extralinguistic contexts.
As for particles, linguists distinguish two of them 4. Let us consider in more detail how both types of particles create a qualitatively new semantic unity. Some particles take a phrase to a more complex level for the reason that they express its content not in isolation, but, like articles, in relation to context. They carry out the connection between it and the semantic content of the phrase through indicating additional details or aspects of the context. For example, the addition of a particle to a sentence also Pierre made many mistakes in the dictation (→ Pierre also made many mistakes in the dictation) implies that not only Pierre had many mistakes in the dictation, but also someone else. The addition of a particle to this phrase even (→ Even Pierre made many mistakes in the dictation) indicates that a large number of mistakes is not typical for Pierre.
4 So, for example, according to the Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary, particles convey either "the communicative status of an utterance (interrogativeness - is it, really, negativity - not, not)" or "the attitude of the utterance and / or its author to the surrounding context, expressed or implied (more, already, too, even, etc.). " [five].
Other particles take the phrase to a qualitatively new level for the reason that they help to express its content in relation to the purpose of the statement. The latter may consist, for example, in the following:
- express a refutation of the situation (He cannot do this job better than anyone),
- establish its truth (Can he do such a job better than anyone? Can / can he do such a job better than anyone?),
- highlight the main as opposed to the secondary (It is he who can do this kind of work best of all. It is this kind of work that he can do best),
- convey an emotional assessment, for example, surprise or admiration (This is work! This is work!).
So, the analysis of the service parts of speech shows that in the design of the utterance they perform the following functions:
- link between two separate linguistic entities (two words or two sentences), creating a more complex unity (phrase or complex sentence),
- "Squeeze" a polysyllabic integrity into a monosyllabic one,
- in combination with the semantic integrity to which they relate (with a word or with a phrase) create a qualitatively new unity - a combination of semantic content and features of the communicative act (the purpose of the statement or context).
Thus, the common function of all service parts of speech is to "transform" the plural into the singular. Let us consider what feature of consciousness is manifested in this property of the service classes of words. As you know, thanks to consciousness, a person divides the world into internal (his "I") and external (reality surrounding him). Consciousness "transforms" all the various manifestations of the surrounding world into a single integral picture, that is, it gives the multiplicity the form of a complex uniqueness, reflecting the features of the "I" with its worldview. And, as noted earlier, consciousness serves unconscious desires, forming thoughts aimed at their realization. Therefore, we can draw the following conclusion. The service parts of speech, through their ability to reduce the plural to the singular, "work" for independent classes of words, helping them to form into statements,just as consciousness "brings" the multiplicity of manifestations of the external world to the uniqueness of the whole picture for the formation of thoughts that serve unconscious desires. We now turn to the study of independent parts of speech.
2. System-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan and new opportunities for studying independent parts of speech
As noted above, consciousness is a tool for realizing unconscious desires: this area of the mental allows a person to create thoughts about how to fulfill desires perceived by him from the unconscious. The type of aspirations and the properties aimed at its realization are called a vector. For example, one vector endows its carriers with the desire and abilities for emotional perception of the world, another vector - for rational actions, the third - for systematizing information, the fourth - for revealing the hidden laws of the world, etc. The total number of vectors is eight, and they do not intersect with each other. another in none of its properties. In other words, each vector has its own unique properties that the other seven do not.
In quantitative terms, the carriers of eight vectors are related to each other in the proportion of the golden ratio. Therefore, despite the fact that one person can have from one to eight vectors, society as a whole necessarily has all eight vectors that allow him to solve all types of collective problems. Realizing for the good of society, the bearer of each vector contributes to the improvement of society, that is, to its achievement of its next stage of development. Therefore, the implementation of each vector increases the potential of future generations, and hence the potential of each of its representatives. With the correct upbringing of a person, until the end of puberty, his psyche reveals in itself the general level of development accumulated by all of humanity. Therefore, despite the fact that different people have a different number of vectors (from one to eight),the collective psychic of all mankind has an eight-dimensional structure. It is no accident that the system-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan distinguishes between the concepts of a vector and a measure. A vector is the potential of a person that he possesses due to his inherent type of desire. And the measure is the potential of humanity, which throughout history is gradually revealed by the owners of this vector so that future carriers of the vector take further steps in the implementation of this path, and the rest of the people become more receptive in adapting the new level they have reached.which throughout history is gradually revealed by the owners of this vector so that the future carriers of the vector take further steps in the implementation of this path, and the rest of the people become more receptive in adapting the new level they have reached.which throughout history is gradually revealed by the owners of this vector so that the future carriers of the vector take further steps in the implementation of this path, and the rest of the people become more receptive in adapting the new level they have reached.
Let us now consider the principle of identifying eight vectors. It is based, firstly, on the connection between the psychic and the physical, and secondly, on the close mutual influence of man and the surrounding reality. The interrelation of the world inside (the “I” of a person) and the world outside (reality external to him) is manifested, for example, in the fact that, on the one hand, it is a person who changes the external world, providing scientific and technological progress, and on the other hand, the level of development civilization of a particular era, in turn, affects the development of a person living in a given historical period. It is no coincidence that Z. Freud for the first time correlates character traits with the sensitivity of the anal zone, making the first breakthrough in the study of the unconscious. Then, V. A. Ganzen and V. K. Tolkachev reveal the eight-dimensional structure of the mental, where all the properties of the psyche correlate with parts of the body,who are in direct contact with the outside world. Since these are the eyes, ears, mouth, nose, urethra, anus, skin and umbilical cord, all eight psychotypes are determined: visual, sound, oral, olfactory, urethral, anal, cutaneous and muscular.
So, the system-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan proved the eight-dimensional nature of our psyche: it includes visual, sound, oral, olfactory, urethral, anal, skin and muscle measures. The principle of eight-dimensionality is that the basis of the mental is made up of eight basic types, each of which differs from the other seven in its properties. Therefore, this pattern is also called the “seven plus one” rule. As noted earlier, we assume that, in contrast to the service parts of speech, arising from the peculiarities of consciousness, independent classes of words result from the unconscious component of our psyche. Given the seven plus one rule, we can also assume that seven of the eight measures that make up the psyche appear in independent parts of speech,while one of them does not find expression in any part of speech.
Let's try to find out whether the seven independent parts of speech really have a psychic root in our unconscious.
3. Sound, olfactory and oral components of the eight-dimensional mental
As noted above, with the correct upbringing of a person, until the end of puberty, his psychic is capable of revealing in itself the general level of development accumulated by all of humanity, which means all eight vectors. Therefore, in order to identify all the components of the psyche, it is important to determine all eight vectors, the carriers of which made one or another contribution to the development of society. We will consider vectors only in their developed and realized state, since it is this state that reveals their essence and the natural role intended for them in the functioning and development of mankind.
Let's first consider the essence of the sound vector. It is associated with the metaphysical root of the manifestation of life. The main, often unconscious, aspiration of the sound person is the search for the meaning of life (and therefore - and its purpose) through the knowledge of oneself and one's psychic. This basic desire can sublimate into activities that are also related to the intangible aspect of reality: sound, word, idea, regularity. For example, it can find expression in musical and literary creativity or in the comprehension and implementation of various ideas (scientific, philosophical, social, religious). Therefore, mankind was able to gradually develop sciences, religions, literature, more and more revealing the hidden laws of reality and the depths of the human soul. Many composers were carriers of the sound vector,scientists, philosophers, writers, poets, religious and public figures. Through music, word, idea, regularity, such people developed for all mankind the ability to feel the non-material aspect of life and the responsibility for its implementation. Of particular importance were the ideas they created for transforming reality, which opened up to mankind the possibility of realizing freedom of choice and will: people could either simply go with the flow of life, or independently change the world, implementing those ideas that they considered correct.which opened up to mankind the possibility of realizing freedom of choice and will: people could either simply go with the flow of life, or independently change the world, putting into practice those ideas that they considered correct.which opened up to mankind the possibility of realizing freedom of choice and will: people could either simply go with the flow of life, or independently change the world, putting into practice those ideas that they considered correct.
As for people who do not have a sound vector, their psychic is included in a more general mental system - the collective unconscious, reflecting the level of development of all mankind, therefore the sound measure of the collective unconscious allows them to adapt the achievements of people with this vector. Thanks to the sound measure, throughout the development of society, a person became more and more aware of the responsibility for his life scenario. Taking into account his assigned, but not provided potential, he showed more and more independence in implementing his vector properties into reality. And, since the disclosure of his potential always requires efforts from a person, on this path he has to constantly make a free choice in favor of overcoming difficulties. Therefore, the main role of the sound measure is to realize freedom of choice and will - a special status that distinguishes a person from the rest of nature.
However, if humanity dies, it will not be able to realize all its potential for development. Therefore, Nature has endowed man with the instinct of self-preservation and the unconscious knowledge of how to ensure his own survival - through constant self-realization for the benefit of society. But, in addition to the unconscious, a person also has consciousness. And, since the role of consciousness is to form thoughts, it contains secondary ideas that have been strongly influenced by rational categories that can suppress the unconscious instinct of self-preservation so much that often a person mistakenly believes that actions that are harmful or useless for society are the guarantor of their own survival.
Therefore, Nature has created the desire responsible for the preservation of humanity - the olfactory vector. Its carriers have the maximum desire for self-preservation, as well as the ability to provide it for themselves: they are not subject to the concealment of the unconscious and can accurately determine dangers that are not calculated by the consciousness and ways to prevent them. Therefore, firstly, people with an olfactory vector feel that for their own survival it is necessary to preserve not only themselves, but also that large group on which their lives depend. And secondly, it is they who have the ability to preserve the integrity of society, country, humanity, as well as the environment they need. The carriers of this vector prevent dangers that are not calculated by the consciousness at all levels of matter (inanimate, plant, animal and the level of "man"), manifesting themselves, for example,as big politicians saving a country from death, or as virologists discovering vaccines to save lives. Sensing the need for all people to work for the good of society in order to preserve it, they find ways that make people solve collective problems. For example, it is the carriers of the olfactory vector that create financial systems that regulate social relations through money. And also - they build a strategically optimal plan of political or military actions and make decisions at the state level - those that force society to implement them. Thus, the carriers of the olfactory vector are able to force people to perform actions necessary to preserve society. Sensing the need for all people to work for the good of society in order to preserve it, they find ways that make people solve collective problems. For example, it is the carriers of the olfactory vector that create financial systems that regulate social relations through money. And also - they build a strategically optimal plan of political or military actions and make decisions at the state level - those that force society to implement them. Thus, the carriers of the olfactory vector are able to force people to perform actions necessary to preserve society. Sensing the need for all people to work for the good of society in order to preserve it, they find ways that make people solve collective problems. For example, it is the carriers of the olfactory vector that create financial systems that regulate social relations through money. And also - they build a strategically optimal plan of political or military actions and make decisions at the state level - those that force society to implement them. Thus, the carriers of the olfactory vector are able to force people to perform actions necessary to preserve society. And also - they build a strategically optimal plan of political or military actions and make decisions at the state level - those that force society to implement them. Thus, the carriers of the olfactory vector are able to force people to perform actions necessary to preserve society. And also - they build a strategically optimal plan of political or military actions and make decisions at the state level - those that force society to implement them. Thus, the carriers of the olfactory vector are able to force people to perform actions necessary to preserve society.
As for people who do not have an olfactory vector, their mental is included in a more general mental system - the collective unconscious, reflecting the level of development of all mankind, therefore, the olfactory measure of the collective unconscious allows them to adapt the achievements of people with this vector. Thanks to the olfactory measure, a person can, through force, perform actions that society requires of him: he is able to force himself to study, and then to work, realizing the need for earnings that guarantee his survival.
But, since the main goal is not the survival of people in the short term, but their development through the realization of freedom of choice and will, it is important not only to preserve humanity, but also to bring a person to the realization of his responsibility for himself and for society - as the only guarantee of his own survival. However, carriers of the olfactory vector cannot have such an effect on people. This is due to the fact that in order to fulfill their natural function, they need the absence of censorship of consciousness, that is, the immediate accessibility of the unconscious, which ensures their unmistakable strategic intuition. Therefore, the flip side of this property is the inability to influence people with the help of the power of the word, which, as an instrument of consciousness, could awaken the desire of people to realize freedom of choice and will.
It is no accident that Nature has created an oral vector - a type of desire that reanimates the unconscious through words that accurately express collective unconscious desires, and thereby eliminate the influence of erroneous goals imposed by consciousness. Consciousness most easily perceives a word in its oral form, therefore, it is with an oral word that erroneous thoughts can be displaced, which, like any thoughts, always exist only in linguistic form (due to the close connection between language and thinking). The speech of a person with an oral vector is able to convey such meanings that release the unconscious desire of each member of society for personal participation in overcoming collective problems to improve their own future. Due to the hiding of the unconscious, our rationalizations may be erroneous, but the oral word breaks through this layer of consciousness, forcing us to make that decision,which is dictated by the laws of human development. This vector allows its bearer to become a great orator, who encourages people to stand up to defend their homeland or implement ideas aimed at improving society, etc. - that is, by their active actions, solve urgent problems of a particular historical stage, raising society to a new level of development. Obeying the disclosure of an unconscious desire to participate in the life of society, everyone can realize free will, making a conscious choice in favor of the next state on their own life path and in the development of the entire society.- that is, by their active actions, to solve urgent problems of this or that historical stage, raising society to a new level of development. Obeying the disclosure of an unconscious desire to participate in the life of society, everyone can realize free will, making a conscious choice in favor of the next state on their own life path and in the development of the entire society.- that is, by their active actions, to solve urgent problems of this or that historical stage, raising society to a new level of development. Obeying the disclosure of an unconscious desire to participate in the life of society, everyone can realize free will, making a conscious choice in favor of the next state on their own life path and in the development of the entire society.
As for people who do not have an oral vector, their mental is included in a more general mental system - the collective unconscious, reflecting the level of development of all mankind, therefore, the oral measure of the collective unconscious allows them to adapt the achievements of people with this vector. Thanks to the oral measure, a person is able to verbalize, and therefore be aware of the problems associated with survival, that is, with the material aspect of life. Awareness of problems contributes to their solution, because it is in the mind that thoughts arise, aimed at the realization of desires.
So, for the preservation of the material side of reality, the olfactory and oral measures are responsible, which support the existence of mankind and the environment necessary for it, and the sound measure is responsible for the implementation of the immaterial side, revealing the non-material aspect of life (the potential of humanity, the laws of nature, etc.). Thus, the essence of all three measures correlates with the realities of reality, that is, with everything that exists (both in the material and non-material aspects of the world). Let us now consider whether these three components of the eight-dimensional psychic manifest themselves in independent classes of words.
The parts of speech that express the establishment of a relationship with the realities of reality 5 include nouns and pronouns. The meaning of the noun is the interpretation of reality as objectivity: it represents any objects, actions, signs as an independent subject of thought [1, p. 117] (person, kindness, reading). Pronouns also denote the establishment of a relationship with the realities of the surrounding world: I correlate with the speaker, you with his interlocutor, he, she, it, they - with those who / what is outside the speech situation (i.e., the speaker and his interlocutors) and is revealed through the context [see. 1, p. 234].
fiveHereinafter, we mean all the realities of reality that are constructed by human consciousness on the basis of objective reality (refracted through the prism of perception, analysis, combination of different data) and can then be reproduced in the consciousness of other people. It is important to emphasize that the realities of reality perceived by a person are subjective to one degree or another. So, for example, outside our perception there is neither cold nor darkness, however, subjectively, the absence of heat is felt by us as cold, and the absence of light is like darkness. Language is also not a cast of objective reality, but only its interpretation: even non-existent persons, objects, events can be presented as real. This is most clearly manifested in cases where the speaker / writer is mistaken, lies or creates a literary work. Invented reality always, to one degree or another, approaches the perceived reality, and that, in turn, approaches the objective one. Even completely unrealistic creatures - such as a mermaid, centaur, dragon, alien - are created by combining elements of the perceived world: the appearance of a girl and a fish, a man and a horse, a snake and a bird, a man and a robot. Such characters are absolutely understandable to all native speakers: people equally correlate them with images that have characteristic features and belong to a certain literary genre - a fairy tale, myth or science fiction novel. So, the categories of reality and unreality are expressed in language not in relation to the objectively existing world, but in relation to the position of the speaker / writer: in his own and someone else's consciousness, he creates reality,which, to a greater or lesser extent, is close to objective reality, but in an absolute degree is not identical to it due to the subjectivity of our perception.
On the contrary, other independent parts of speech express such meanings that have only one or another relation to the realities of reality, since they allow them to reveal their various aspects in more detail. So, for example, the numeral specifies the quantitative aspect of these realities (ten students), the adjective - the qualitative one (diligent students).
Now let's try to identify the difference in how nouns relate to the realities of reality, and how - pronouns. If nouns indicate them by their one use (stone, tree, cat, person, performance, development, regularity), then pronouns, although they express a relationship with similar realities of reality, require a wider piece of text to reveal what is behind them “". For example, in phrases I watched the movie "Marathon" yesterday. I really liked him. without reading the first phrase it is impossible to understand what is “hidden” behind the pronoun he in the second phrase. Since, unlike nouns, pronouns require an appeal to a wider fragment of the text in order to establish those realities of reality with which they relate, we can saythat pronouns indicate the existence of a reality that is not directly visible, but can be identified. As shown above, the presence of a hidden, not manifested aspect of reality is felt by people with a sound vector: it is they who strive to reveal the meaning of life, the depths of the human soul and the laws of the Universe, becoming scientists, philosophers, writers, and poets. Thus, in our opinion, such a component of the eight-dimensional psychic, as a sound measure, is manifested in the pronoun. In addition, the system-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan proves that the laws governing the non-material aspect of reality are more general in relation to the laws of matter. And, just as the sound measure indicates the presence of a wider reality than the physical world, the pronoun indicates the presence of a wider piece of text,than the one where it is directly used.
Let us now consider the olfactory and oral vectors, as well as measures of the same name. As shown above, both of these vectors are responsible for the preservation of humanity, but if the olfactory vector is unable to influence people with the help of words, then the oral vector, on the contrary, “speaks out” the unconscious desires of people, prompting them to take active measures for their own survival. Therefore, the olfactory measure is the only measure that does not appear in any part of speech, while the oral measure, at the level of the word, expresses their general essence associated with the preservation of matter - the reality directly perceived by us. Since the direct relationship with the realities of reality, in our opinion, is expressed by a noun, it is in this part of speech that the oral measure manifests itself.
4. The urethral component of the eight-dimensional mental
Now let's move on to the next vector - the urethral one. Since he is responsible for the future, that is, for providing society with the next state of its development, it is first important to consider the very principle of the gradual disclosure of humanity's potential. As noted above, efforts are an integral part of development, since only a free choice in favor of overcoming difficulties gives a person the opportunity to realize free will - a special status that distinguishes him from the rest of nature. External circumstances create more and more new problems for a person, so that a person always has the opportunity to make efforts, independently choosing the next, higher stage in revealing his potential. It is no coincidence that the initial level of a person is the complete opposite of his developed, realized state, i.e.desire and ability to use their mental properties for the benefit of society. Therefore, a person has both egoism and the potential to change the priority from receiving to giving. So, for example, at first a child only receives everything he needs from his environment, and as he grows up, with proper upbringing, he acquires the desire and ability to engage in socially useful activities himself. The society itself also gradually reveals its potential from receiving to giving. For example, in previous historical stages, society created fewer opportunities and provided them to fewer people - only to certain social strata. As a result of development, society becomes more and more capable of giving a huge amount of benefits to absolutely every member. Therefore, a person has both egoism and the potential to change the priority from receiving to giving. So, for example, at first a child only receives everything he needs from his environment, and as he grows up, with proper upbringing, he acquires the desire and ability to engage in socially useful activities himself. The society itself also gradually reveals its potential from receiving to giving. For example, in previous historical stages, society created fewer opportunities and provided them to fewer people - only to certain social strata. As a result of development, society becomes more and more capable of giving a huge amount of benefits to absolutely every member. Therefore, a person has both egoism and the potential to change the priority from receiving to giving. So, for example, at first a child only receives everything he needs from his environment, and as he grows up, with proper upbringing, he acquires the desire and ability to engage in socially useful activities himself. The society itself also gradually reveals its potential from receiving to giving. For example, in previous historical stages, society created fewer opportunities and provided them to fewer people - only to certain social strata. As a result of development, society becomes more and more capable of giving a huge amount of benefits to absolutely every member.at first, the child only receives everything he needs from his environment, and as he grows up, with proper upbringing, he acquires the desire and ability to engage in socially useful activities himself. The society itself also gradually reveals its potential from receiving to giving. For example, in previous historical stages, society created fewer opportunities and provided them to fewer people - only to certain social strata. As a result of development, society becomes more and more capable of giving a huge amount of benefits to absolutely every member.at first, the child only receives everything he needs from his environment, and as he grows up, with proper upbringing, he acquires the desire and ability to engage in socially useful activities himself. The society itself also gradually reveals its potential from receiving to giving. For example, in previous historical stages, society created fewer opportunities and provided them to fewer people - only to certain social strata. As a result of development, society becomes more and more capable of giving a huge amount of benefits to absolutely every member.at previous historical stages, society created fewer opportunities and provided them to a smaller number of people - only to certain social strata. As a result of development, society becomes more and more capable of giving a huge amount of benefits to absolutely every member.at previous historical stages, society created fewer opportunities and provided them to a smaller number of people - only to certain social strata. As a result of development, society becomes more and more capable of giving a huge amount of benefits to absolutely every member.
But, since any two stages of development are qualitatively different from each other, the transition from one to the other causes two great difficulties arising from the absence of a close connection with the future and the presence of a close connection with the present. Firstly, it is necessary to find the most promising direction for development, defining completely new, previously not existing goals, ideas, methods, that is, to see the future stage - one that has never existed before. And secondly, constant efforts are required in the fight against the temptation to stop at the reached stage, succumbing to laziness, fear of losing stability and order, etc.
Both of these difficulties are most easily overcome by the carrier of the urethral vector. Revealing the essence of this vector is also associated with the discovery by L. N. Gumilev of such a mental property as passionarity. According to this scientist, a passionate has "an irresistible inner desire for purposeful activity, always associated with a change in the environment, social or natural, … and the achievement of the intended goal … seems to him more valuable even than his own life." [3, p. 260]. For a passionate personality, “the interests of the collective … prevail over the thirst for life and care for their own offspring. Individuals possessing this trait … commit (and cannot but commit) acts that, when summed up, break the inertia of tradition”[3, p. 260]. One of the properties of passionarity is its infectiousness: other people,“Being in the immediate vicinity of the passionaries, they begin to behave as if they were passionary” [3, p. 276].
The results of the study of the psyche, conducted by Yuri Burlan, confirm the presence of the mental property identified by L. N. Gumilev, and prove its connection at the bodily level with the urethral zone. According to system-vector psychology, a person with a urethral vector has an innate altruism - a constant desire to give his inexhaustible energy to society, changing the situation at the present stage of its development for the better. Endowing him with desires aimed at the future, Nature gives him the most important property that ensures their realization - passionarity, an impulse to move forward. These qualities make people with a urethral vector constantly strive beyond the horizon, into the unknown, never being satisfied with what has been achieved. This inability to be limited by either past or present achievements also determines their non-standard thinking,easily finding new, not yet known solutions. Moving in the direction of the future and altruistically giving his strength for significant goals, a person with a urethral vector inspires other people with his passionarity, makes them feel this reality of the power of bestowal, its very existence. His altruism and charisma attract people with more selfish desires to him and draw them along towards goals important for society. And, since the use of each person's mental properties for the benefit of humanity is associated with ensuring society's future, we can say that the urethral vector is simultaneously responsible for the ability to bestow and for the future of society. Its carriers lead people into the future, encouraging them to show their best qualities, helping them to maximize their potential from receiving to giving.not yet known solutions. Moving in the direction of the future and altruistically giving his strength for significant goals, a person with a urethral vector inspires other people with his passionarity, makes them feel this reality of the power of bestowal, its very existence. His altruism and charisma attract people with more selfish desires to him and draw them along towards goals important for society. And, since the use of each person's mental properties for the benefit of humanity is associated with ensuring society's future, we can say that the urethral vector is simultaneously responsible for the ability to bestow and for the future of society. Its carriers lead people into the future, encouraging them to show their best qualities, helping them to maximize their potential from receiving to giving.not yet known solutions. Moving in the direction of the future and altruistically giving his strength for significant goals, a person with a urethral vector inspires other people with his passionarity, makes them feel this reality of the power of bestowal, its very existence. His altruism and charisma attract people with more selfish desires to him and draw them along towards goals important for society. And, since the use of each person's mental properties for the benefit of humanity is associated with ensuring society's future, we can say that the urethral vector is simultaneously responsible for the ability to bestow and for the future of society. Its carriers lead people into the future, encouraging them to show their best qualities, helping them to maximize their potential from receiving to giving. Moving in the direction of the future and altruistically giving his strength for significant goals, a person with a urethral vector inspires other people with his passionarity, makes them feel this reality of the power of bestowal, its very existence. His altruism and charisma attract people with more selfish desires to him and draw them along towards goals important for society. And, since the use of each person's mental properties for the benefit of humanity is associated with ensuring society's future, we can say that the urethral vector is simultaneously responsible for the ability to bestow and for the future of society. Its carriers lead people into the future, encouraging them to show their best qualities, helping them to maximize their potential from receiving to giving. Moving in the direction of the future and altruistically giving his strength for significant goals, a person with a urethral vector inspires other people with his passionarity, makes them feel this reality of the power of bestowal, its very existence. His altruism and charisma attract people with more selfish desires to him and draw them along towards goals important for society. And, since the use of each person's mental properties for the benefit of humanity is associated with ensuring society's future, we can say that the urethral vector is simultaneously responsible for the ability to bestow and for the future of society. Its carriers lead people into the future, encouraging them to show their best qualities, helping them to maximize their potential from receiving to giving.
As for people who do not have a urethral vector, their mental is included in a more general mental system - the collective unconscious, reflecting the level of development of all mankind, therefore, the urethral measure of the collective unconscious allows them to adapt the achievements of people with this vector. It is thanks to the urethral measure that a person is able to develop his vectors from consumer desires to activities useful for society until the end of puberty, and in adult life - to experience the pleasure of realizing himself for the good of society. Let us now consider whether the urethral measure of our psyche manifests itself in any of the independent parts of speech. It can be found in a class of words that contains potential information about a future phrase and has the ability to "attract" other parts of speech to itself,realizing together with them in the future phrase. “According to the theory of L. Tenier, the verb is the core of the sentence, since the very lexical meaning of the verb presupposes the participants in the situation expressed by it. So, for example, the situation indicated by the verb to give involves three participants:
- the agent who performs the action (the one who gives);
- the person in whose favor he performs this action (the one to whom it is given);
- the object that is most closely related to the action of the agent (what is given).
These potential participants in the situation expressed by the lexical meaning of the verb are called its valence. When this verb is implemented in a sentence, they are concretized, forming, for example, such phrases He gave the book to his brother, Parents give the child toys, etc. The verb and the participants in the situation indicated by him form a sentence structure, the core of which is the verb:
[11, p. 200; see 9, p. 26, 30–31, 58].
The fact that the potential of the future phrase (the designated situation and its participants) is already contained in the very lexical meaning of the verb reflects such properties of the urethral vector as focus on the future and the ability to “see” the next stage necessary for the development of society. And the valency 6 of the verb - that is, the fact that with its lexical meaning it "gives" certain "places" to other parts of speech to participate in the future phrase - in our opinion, reflects the ability of people with a urethral vector to attract other people to themselves their property of giving, giving them the direction of the next stage of development.
6It is important to note that only the verb is that part of speech, the essence of which is reflected in valency. As for such parts of speech as a noun, adjective or adverb, only a small number of them have valence. So, for example, a noun consequence (of something), an adjective inclined (to something) and an adverb according to (someone, something) also require dependent words, "attracting" them by virtue of their lexical meaning: a consequence of the common cold, inclined to corpulence, according to this author, etc. However, as a rule, these parts of speech do not have this ability: green, athletic, apple, house, slowly, carefully. Consequently, valence is not a characteristic feature of these parts of speech, and therefore does not reflect their essence.
5. Cutaneous and visual components of the eight-dimensional mental
Let us now proceed to consider the next two components of our eight-dimensional psychic - to the skin and visual measures. Since the vectors of the same name are responsible for limiting egoism, it is first important to consider what role egoism and its limitation play in the development of humanity. As noted earlier, the initial state of all vectors, except for the urethral one, is the desire to act exclusively in one's own interests, in order to receive pleasure only for oneself, but gradually the vectors must develop and be realized to bestow upon other people. The development of mankind is proceeding rather slowly, since it requires efforts - an integral condition for the realization of freedom of choice and will. Therefore, even at this historical moment, a person is not yet able to feel himself as a part of a social organism and see his happiness exclusively in thatwhich is good for the whole, canceling out its own private interests. In order to preserve such an imperfect society and its optimal functioning, people need the ability to limit the manifestations of their selfishness. Therefore, Nature created skin and visual vectors, thanks to which humanity was able to learn to limit its initial state, that is, egoistic desires that harm other people. Let's try to find out whether the skin and visual components of the eight-dimensional psychic manifest themselves in any parts of speech.thanks to which humanity was able to learn to limit its initial state, that is, selfish desires that harm other people. Let's try to find out whether the skin and visual components of the eight-dimensional psychic manifest themselves in any parts of speech.thanks to which humanity was able to learn to limit its initial state, that is, selfish desires that harm other people. Let's try to find out whether the skin and visual components of the eight-dimensional psychic manifest themselves in any parts of speech.
As shown above, the olfactory vector is responsible for preserving the material side of reality. Therefore, it is aimed not at preserving the individual, but at preserving the general. And the common nature of all people is their egoism - that initial psychic "material" from which they then develop to varying degrees in the direction of bestowal. Thus, the olfactory vector preserves egoism as such, as the nature of humanity, which must survive at any level of its development. Earlier it was shown that in the language the olfactory measure is not expressed in any way, but its essence is conveyed by the oral measure, since it is she who is responsible for verbalization and awareness of problems associated with the survival of society. Therefore, we can say that at the linguistic level, the desire to preserve collective egoism manifests itself, like the oral measure itself,in a noun. As noted above, the private egoism of each person, on the contrary, requires limitation, and this function is associated with skin and visual measures. Therefore, in order to determine whether these components of the psyche manifest themselves in any parts of speech, it is important to find out whether there are parts of speech that limit the representation expressed by a noun.
These parts of speech include adjectives (black, interesting, complex, etc.) and determinatives (mine, yours, his, this, that, another, such, etc.). For example, when the adjective yellow is added to the noun tulips, our idea of tulips, which can be different in color, narrows, being limited to the representation of yellow tulips. Joining my determinative to the noun house narrows down the general idea contained in the concept of a house through the attribute of belonging, indicating exclusively the speaker's house. So, the idea of an object expressed by a noun is limited by attributing a clarifying characteristic to it, and the parts of speech that have this meaning are adjectives and determinatives.
To find out which of the two identified measures (skin and visual) is manifested in determinatives, and which in adjectives, it is important to consider what exactly in our psyche limits our egoism. The primary system of prohibitions and restrictions is created by the skin measure, which is responsible for the separation of the internal and the external. People with a skin vector understand well the benefits for a person, group, society, humanity, delimiting it from the interests of external reality: other people, flora and fauna, inanimate nature. This desire to separate internal and external interests endows people with a skin vector with rational thinking, which ensures, firstly, limiting infringements on human rights, and, secondly, limiting unnecessary costs (effort, time, material products, etc.) …Logical thinking and a subtle sense of purposefulness allow people with a skin vector to develop technologies. In addition, the ability to separate the internal tasks of society from external - extraneous egoistic needs, endows the carriers of the skin vector with a special sense of duty and responsibility, thanks to which they are able to control and discipline themselves and other people, being realized in the military command, in administrative, legislative and judicial bodies …legislative and judicial authorities.legislative and judicial authorities.
As for people who do not have a skin vector, their mental is included in a more general mental system - the collective unconscious, reflecting the level of development of all mankind, therefore, the skin measure of the collective unconscious allows them to adapt the achievements of people with this vector. It is thanks to the skin measure that a person is able to prohibit himself from actions that are unacceptable in society. The significance of this measure also lies in the fact that only after the reduction of egoistic desire, each vector is sublimated at a higher level.
So, the creation and development of the law, carried out by the carriers of the cutaneous vector, is the primary restraint of egoistic desire. Secondary limitation of egoism arises due to the visual vector. Its carriers have a large emotional amplitude, which makes them experience especially strong experiences. As their sensory potential developed to the capacity for compassion, they were able to realize the importance of each individual human life. Further, from the already formed humanistic value, culture began to develop with its requirements of morality and ethics. Today, the carriers of this vector are realized in work that requires the manifestation of empathy and empathy, the ability to express them in art, to involve other people in them. They often become primary school teachers, language or literature teachers,doctors, nurses, actors, singers, psychologists, etc. Their empathy involuntarily makes other people feel the value of goodness, love and empathy, that is, it contributes to the education of feelings, which means it restrains selfishness and its consequences - manifestations of hostility and hatred in society.
As for people who do not have a visual vector, their mental is included in a more general mental system - the collective unconscious, reflecting the level of development of all mankind, therefore, the visual measure of the collective unconscious allows them to adapt the achievements of people with this vector. It is thanks to the visual measure that moral and moral prohibitions can be felt more strongly than formal law, and gradually society becomes more and more humane.
So, the need for human survival in conditions of joint coexistence requires restraining egoism. The primary limitation is based on a rational approach: the skin measure creates a law, separating internal interests from external ones. And the secondary limitation is carried out on the basis of empathy: this ability develops thanks to the visual measure, which has realized humanistic values and expressed them in culture.
Let's consider how the cutaneous and visual measures are manifested in determinants and adjectives. The analysis of determinants shows that within this part of speech, two groups can be distinguished.
1. The first group includes determinants that designate the characteristics of an object (person) only in relation to the speaker or the situation he is reporting. So, for example, the phrase my book expresses the sign of belonging exclusively from the position of the speaker. Regarding his interlocutor, this fact is reflected in another phrase - your / your book. Thus, possessive determinatives express the attribute of belonging, limited by the perspective of the speaker. Indicative determinants characterize the sign of proximity / remoteness of an object also only in relation to the speaker: this house is a house located closer from the speaker, that house is a house located further from the speaker. An indefinite determinative such indicates a feature that, from the speaker's point of view, is absolutely obvious from the given context. For instance,pronouncing the phrase Such a person could well have done it, the speaker is sure that the interlocutor understands what kind of sign he is hinting at: if we are talking about who made a great discovery, then we mean the assessment "genius", and if it is about who accomplished a feat, then the quality of "courageous" is meant, etc. In other words, such a determinative indicates a characteristic that is suitable only for a given context. So, the determinants of the first group limit the general concept of an object to such a feature that is true only in relation to the speaker or the situation he is reporting. Therefore, we can say that these determinants separate the speaker's perspective from any other possible perspective, which means they separate the “internal” from the “external” in relation to the speaker.that the interlocutor understands exactly what sign he is hinting at: if we are talking about who made a great discovery, then we mean the assessment “brilliant”, and if it is said about who has accomplished the feat, then the quality “brave” is meant, etc. In other words, such a determinative indicates a characteristic that is suitable only for a given context. So, the determinants of the first group limit the general concept of an object to such a feature that is true only in relation to the speaker or the situation he is reporting. Therefore, we can say that these determinants separate the speaker's perspective from any other possible perspective, which means they separate the “internal” from the “external” in relation to the speaker.that the interlocutor understands exactly what sign he is hinting at: if we are talking about who made a great discovery, then we mean the assessment “brilliant”, and if it is said about who has accomplished the feat, then the quality “brave” is meant, etc. In other words, such a determinative indicates a characteristic that is suitable only for a given context. So, the determinants of the first group limit the general concept of an object to such a feature that is true only in relation to the speaker or the situation he is reporting. Therefore, we can say that these determinants separate the speaker's perspective from any other possible perspective, which means they separate the “internal” from the “external” in relation to the speaker.and if it is said about the one who accomplished the feat, then the quality “brave” is meant, etc. In other words, such a determinative indicates a characteristic that is suitable only for a given context. So, the determinants of the first group limit the general concept of an object to such a feature that is true only in relation to the speaker or the situation he is reporting. Therefore, we can say that these determinants separate the speaker's perspective from any other possible perspective, which means they separate the “internal” from the “external” in relation to the speaker.and if it is said about the one who accomplished the feat, then the quality “brave” is meant, etc. In other words, such a determinative indicates a characteristic that is suitable only for a given context. So, the determinants of the first group limit the general concept of an object to such a feature that is true only in relation to the speaker or the situation he is reporting. Therefore, we can say that these determinants separate the speaker's perspective from any other possible perspective, which means they separate the “internal” from the “external” in relation to the speaker.which is only true about the speaker or the situation he is reporting. Therefore, we can say that these determinants separate the speaker's perspective from any other possible perspective, which means they separate the “internal” from the “external” in relation to the speaker.which is only true about the speaker or the situation he is reporting. Therefore, we can say that these determinants separate the speaker's perspective from any other possible perspective, which means they separate the “internal” from the “external” in relation to the speaker.
2. The meaning of the second group of determinants emphasizes the presence of individual representatives within the same class. So, for example, in phrases every teacher, every teacher, no determinative teacher, every, every and none denote representatives of the class "teacher" separately in their inclusion in the whole - in the group of teachers that is meant (for example, teachers of a given school) or in the generalized concept of a teacher as such. In phrases some teacher, some teacher, another teacher, some determinative, some and the other express one of the representatives of the "teacher" class. Therefore, in both cases, the meaning of determinatives implies the delineation of the concept of "teacher" into individual representatives. Determinatives different and the same imply at least two representatives of that class of concepts,which is expressed by a noun (different / identical dresses), or the class of concepts with which they are associated in a given context (different / the same color (clothes, furniture, etc.). Thus, the meaning of the second group of determinatives implicitly expresses the border separating "Internal" representative of a class relative to another or other "external".
So, just as the cutaneous measure distinguishes between the internal and the external, the determinative limits the idea of an object to such a feature, which also implies a division between internal and external: either relative to the speaker or relative to an individual representative of the class.
As for the adjective, it restricts the idea of an object to such a characteristic, which is selected from an infinite number of the most diverse characteristics. It can convey both a relatively objective feature of an object (for example, its color, brightness, shape, size), and an absolutely subjective, emotionally colored impression of the speaker himself. For example, showing the sun in different natural conditions, the classics of literature convey its color as accurately as possible, defining the most subtle shades: white, rye, dark, golden, fiery, pinkish, red, crimson, dull purple. The different degrees of brightness of the sun are often specified: dazzling, radiant, light, bright, dull. There are also numerous signs that reflect the subjective impressions of the authors: supportive, joyful, as if aimless, quiet, tired, sweet,extraordinary, beautiful.
The very infinity of signs that can be endowed with one or another object is based on the main property of the visual vector - a very large emotional amplitude, which creates the most powerful perception of the physical world. A person with a visual vector is able to see the world much more multifaceted, subtly capturing all the numerous signs of each of its components thanks to his emotionally rich, rich perception of the world, constantly drawing objects of the physical world on the basis of a rich palette of objective and subjective shades.
Note (The role of the skin component of the unconscious in the formation of consciousness)
The determinants that were considered in this section (possessive, indicative and indefinite) are considered determinants in the narrow sense of the term, that is, the determinants themselves. And in a broad sense, determinants include all indicators with a noun that express the value of certainty / uncertainty [see. 1, p. 157 - 158] (<lat. Determinare - to determine). Therefore, in addition to possessive, indicative and indefinite determinatives, they also include articles [1, p. 157 - 158]: (English book / the book, German ein Buch / das Buch, French un livre / le livre). There are not only great similarities between the two classes of words, but also a serious difference.
Determinatives themselves limit the idea of an object to such a sign that implies a separation between internal and external, expressing belonging (my house), indication (this house) and different values of uncertainty (another house, such a house, different houses, the same houses). It is through one of these characteristics that they convey the meaning of certainty / uncertainty. Thus, the actual determinatives, albeit to a small extent, but characterize the noun, which means that they perform, like adjectives, the syntactic function of the definition. On the contrary, the articles denote the category of certainty / uncertainty in its "pure form", so they do not play any syntactic role in the sentence. AND,since the criterion for dividing parts of speech into independent and service ones is the ability to perform a syntactic function, the following conclusion can be drawn. Determinatives in a broad sense include both types of parts of speech: a service class of words - articles, and an independent class of words - actually determinatives (possessive, demonstrative and indefinite). Let us consider what feature of the psyche is reflected in this, at first glance, contradictory fact.
As noted above, thanks to the cutaneous measure, each vector is able to prohibit selfish desires and sublimate them into aspirations of a higher level, that is, into socially useful goals. The closest ancestor of man, as a result of the first such prohibition on desire and its sublimation, arose consciousness - that part of the psyche in which thoughts began to arise to serve desires. In other words, the cutaneous measure separating the inner and the outer, reduced the inner part - unconscious egoistic desire, creating the outer part - the consciousness capable of forming thoughts aimed at the good of society. This feature is manifested in the contradictory nature of determinants. Just as the cutaneous measure gives our psyche such a form that the unconscious becomes associated with consciousness, determinatives combine two types of parts of speech: the one thatwhich has its root in the unconscious, and one that stems from the characteristics of consciousness, that is, an independent and service class of words - actually determinatives and articles7.
7 Most linguists consider not only articles as official words, but also determinatives themselves (possessive, indicative and indefinite) [1, p. 157; 5], despite their difference in the characteristics of the presence / absence of syntactic function. Apparently, this point of view is based on the impossibility of admitting such a contradiction as uniting in one group both the independent and the service parts of speech. However, as it was shown in the note, this contradiction is not accidental: it is explained by the peculiarity of the cutaneous measure - that component of our mental, which at the level of parts of speech is manifested precisely in determinatives.
6. The anal component of the eight-dimensional mental
We now turn to the consideration of the anal vector. The first scientist to pay attention to the connection between the anal erogenous zone and a certain accentuation of character was Z. Freud. In his work "Character and Anal Erotica", he notes that people with a special sensitivity of the anus are characterized by the desire for purity, manifested in both physical and psychological aspects. Such people are distinguished not only by cleanliness, but also by the careful performance of work, "refined" in all its smallest details to a state of ideal quality. [10] Considering the character trait discovered by Z. Freud as an innate mental property, Yuri Burlan reveals his natural essence, which provides the necessary contribution to the functioning and development of mankind. The natural role of the anal vector is to collect the most important information,accumulated by humanity, and its transfer to future generations. Education is very important for the development of society, since it relieves each subsequent generation from the need to start it from the very beginning, providing it with all the significant achievements of its predecessors, and therefore the opportunity to take new steps into the future on this basis. Nature directs people with an anal vector to study, and then to teach the studied subject through the implementation of a teacher and / or scientist: teachers teach individual groups of people, and scientists teach the whole society. To fulfill these natural roles, people with an anal vector are endowed with the ability to organize information. The importance of a systematic study of the subject is associated with the fact that any phenomena and their aspects are cognized only from their opposite, through the differentiation of various elements of one system. Therefore, a systematic description of the subject is the most effective both for researching the subject and for further teaching the results obtained. Systematic thinking inherent in people with an anal vector allows them to identify within the object of study its constituent parts, opposed to each other in some properties, and inside each of these constituent parts to find new, smaller groups, also established on the basis of various signs. For example, describing the animal world, a scientist distinguishes types of animals, then gradually he subdivides these types into classes, classes - into orders, orders - into families, families - into genera, genera - into species. This ability for a systematic description of the subject is ensured by the desire to constantly clarify the identified components by adding more detailed features.
As for people who do not have an anal vector, their mental is included in a more general mental system - the collective unconscious, reflecting the level of development of all mankind, therefore, the anal measure of the collective unconscious allows them to adapt the achievements of people with this vector. It is thanks to the anal measure that a person perceives the experience and information from previous generations (from parents, teachers), and also transfers the necessary knowledge, skills and skills to the next generations (for example, his children).
Let us now consider whether this component of the psyche manifests itself in any of the independent parts of speech. An anal measure can be found in a part of speech that reflects the essence of systematic thinking - a constant refinement of each of the already identified features of the object. Such a class of words is an adverb, the meaning of which is defined in linguistics as a sign of another feature [1, p. 97]. Let's consider this role in more detail.
As noted earlier, the grammatical meaning of a noun is the interpretation of reality as objectivity, since it represents any objects, actions, signs as an independent subject of thought: a person, kindness, reading. The object can be attributed to certain features that reveal its various aspects. These signs can be of two types. Some represent the characteristics of the object statically, regardless of the moment of the statement. The part of speech denoting such signs is the adjective 8[5]: dairy products, white rose, long-haired cat, diligent student. Other signs reveal the features of an object through its manifestation of itself in time (past, present, future) relative to the moment of the statement: Lightning sparkled / sparkles / flashes. Roses were blooming / blooming / blooming. The bird flew / flies / flies. The child was crying / crying / crying. The part of speech denoting such signs is the verb [5]. In its original (indefinite) form, it describes what actions an object is capable of performing or in what states it can be: sparkling, blooming, flying, crying. So, a noun is characterized by an adjective and a verb.
8It should be noted that, in contrast to the determinative, it is the adjective that expresses such a characteristic, which is selected from an infinite variety of the most diverse attributes of an object, capable of revealing its various aspects. As for the determinatives, then, as shown above, they designate only those signs that imply a separation between the internal and the external. Therefore, although the limitation of the representation expressed by a noun is expressed by both parts of speech - both adjectives and determinatives, the essence of the characteristic is not fully manifested in determinatives.
As for the signs of the adjectives and verbs themselves, they are indicated by adverbs. Thus, adverbs express a sign of a sign. For example, in the phrase an unusually beautiful adverb unusually characterizes the sign expressed by the adjective beautiful. And in the phrase, listen carefully to the adverb, carefully reveals the peculiarity of the feature indicated by the verb listen. An adverb can also characterize a sign expressed by another adverb - in this case, it conveys a sign of another sign, which in turn is a characteristic of a third sign: He walks very slowly, He did this work extremely carefully.
The fact that an adverb denotes a sign of another feature (primary or secondary) reflects the principle of describing an object, when each new characteristic reveals its previous feature in more detail. Thus, this principle, in our opinion, is similar to the essence of the anal vector, aimed at multi-stage refinement of the already identified constituent parts of the object under study.
7. The muscular component of the eight-dimensional mental
Until now, we have considered those mental properties due to which humanity develops, more and more revealing the ability to comprehend and feel the world. However, a person manifests himself not only in the mental aspect, realizing thinking and feelings, but also bodily, also satisfying the basic needs of the body: to eat, drink, breathe, sleep and maintain body temperature. This combination of the mental and bodily aspects is not accidental: it is this that creates the ability for a person to gradually overcome his original animal nature, developing from lower needs to higher desires, and therefore to realize freedom of choice and will. Thus, the importance of the bodily aspect lies in ensuring the basic needs of the body, which form the necessary foundation for mental development. Therefore, Nature created desire,responsible for the satisfaction of basic bodily desires - the muscle vector.
Consider the features of people who have an exclusively muscle vector. The natural role of the muscle vector prompts such people to engage in agriculture or construction, that is, those activities that provide society with an essential basis for life - food and housing. In these areas, they tend to perform the simplest functions (often associated exclusively with manual labor), creating the initial foundation for the organization of more complex work in these industries. And since any desire of a person is provided with all the properties for its realization, people with a muscle vector are endowed with great physical strength and endurance necessary to perform these types of work 9.
9People who have both a muscle and some other vector also have physical strength and endurance, but under normal conditions they show aspirations and abilities for skilled types of work (which may include physical activity). In difficult conditions that require the body's endurance, their muscle vector allows them to better resist the problems associated with the implementation of basic bodily needs: eat, drink, breathe, sleep, maintain body temperature.
Let us consider the differences in the worldview of people who have an exclusively muscle vector, and those who have at least one of the other seven vectors. Aspirations to comprehend the world require a much larger amount of mental than bodily needs, therefore the seven vectors discussed above endow their carriers with a broad consciousness, in which a rather complex system of various thoughts and ideas is formed. Awareness of your own picture of the world makes you feel the uniqueness of your personality and perceive yourself as separate from the whole society. Thus, despite the fact that a person develops and realizes himself exclusively in society, he does not feel like a part of it. And this is due to the fact that the expanded consciousness to a very large extent hides from a person his unconscious desires - those general psychic forces,who "live" and rule all of humanity.
Conversely, desires aimed only at the basic needs of the body require a minimum amount of mental capacity. Therefore, the consciousness of muscle people almost does not hide from them the true nature of man. People who have an exclusively muscular vector perceive themselves as parts of the collective “we”, feel a connection with Nature and other people. In fairly large cities, such people are almost impossible to meet: muscular people prefer to live in villages and very small towns. Apparently, they are also born mainly in rural areas. Such people are given the most simplified and at the same time the most correct sense of themselves - the feeling of merging with their neighbor. The carriers of the remaining vectors will have to reveal it at a higher level, in their future development from selfish desires to more and more altruistic ones,allowing one to feel other people as oneself based on knowledge of the properties and laws of the psyche.
As for people who do not have a muscle vector, their mental is included in a more general mental system - the collective unconscious, reflecting the capabilities of all mankind, therefore the muscle measure of the collective unconscious allows them to partially adapt to those problems that people with this vector can best resist … It is thanks to the muscle measure that any person is able to organize their daily routine in such a way as to provide their body with the basic needs: eat, drink, breathe, sleep, maintain body temperature. A person takes into account the conditions in which he will be forced to be, and provides for the actions necessary in order not to be hungry, not to freeze, to feel slept, etc.
Let us now consider whether this component of the psyche manifests itself in any of the independent parts of speech. The fact that muscular people feel themselves to be parts of a collective “we” indicates that the meaning of this part of speech should involve abstraction from the individual characteristics of objects in order to accentuate the overall integrity that they constitute the whole group. This part of speech is the numeral. MK Sabaneeva writes that, since "counting objects and objective concepts is possible only with abstraction from individual attributes, … numerals as a class of words, along with a distinct lexical meaning of a specific number, have a basic negative grammatical seme: the absence of individualization of numeric concepts." [6, p. 8]. For example, the use of the phrase five trees suggeststhat we abstract from all sorts of individual characteristics of trees, emphasizing only the general in them - the fact that they all belong to the class "trees", and not to the class "animals", "flowers", etc. Indeed, all numerals show objects / persons solely in their relation to the whole. So, the numeral one represents an object / person as one of the representatives of a certain set (one soldier), and the other numerals quantitatively express that set in relation to which the individual characteristics of each of the objects / persons are eliminated (one hundred soldiers).the numeral one represents an object / person as one of the representatives of a certain set (one soldier), and the remaining numerals quantitatively express that set in relation to which the individual characteristics of each of the objects / persons are eliminated (one hundred soldiers).the numeral one represents an object / person as one of the representatives of a certain set (one soldier), and the remaining numerals quantitatively express that set in relation to which the individual characteristics of each of the objects / persons are eliminated (one hundred soldiers).
The fact that the numeral has the seme "lack of individualization of countable concepts" reflects such a property of a muscular person as the absence of a sense of his individual "I", and the lexical meaning of a particular number (five, nine, sixteen) reflects the sensation of "we" characteristic of it - merging with that specific collective, of which he perceives himself.
Conclusion
So, in this article, we have tried to show that all independent parts of speech arise from the unconscious component of our psyche, reflecting its eight-dimensional nature. With the exception of the olfactory measure, which contacts reality without the mediation of thought and word, the other seven measures of our psyche are manifested in the noun, adjective, verb, adverb, pronoun, determinative and numeral. This is a manifestation of the “seven plus one” pattern, which is basic in the paradigm of system-vector psychology by Yuri Burlan, according to which one of the eight components of the system differs from the other seven. As for the service parts of speech, they arise as a result of the peculiarities of consciousness - the instrument that serves the unconscious part of the psyche. Therefore, they only help independent classes of words to form into utterances. And they do this due to their ability to "bring" the multiple to the single, like consciousness "transforming" the plurality of manifestations of the external world into the uniqueness of a holistic picture for the formation of thoughts that serve desires (conscious or unconscious) arising from the unconscious.
Videos 10:
Video broadcast of Yuri Burlan's training of system-vector psychology (online)
[Electronic resource]. URL: //www.yburlan.ru/video-translyatsiy (date of access: 21.08.2015).
10 Yuri Burlan's scientific discoveries are presented by him only in the form of online training in systemic vector psychology. Yuri Burlan proves that, due to the specifics of this science, the oral form of its study should be the main one, and the written one should be additional.
List of references
- Gak V. G. Theoretical grammar of the French language. - M.: Dobrosvet, 2004.-- 862 p.
- Gulyaeva A. Yu., Ochirova V. B. Effective psychotherapy based on the system-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan. // "Scientific discussion: innovations in the modern world": materials of the XI international correspondence scientific and practical conference. (April 9, 2013). Moscow: Publishing house. "International Center for Science and Education", 2013. P.163 - 167.
- Gumilev L. N. Ethnogenesis and the biosphere of the Earth. 3rd ed. - L.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1990.-- 528 p.
- Dovgan T. A., Ochirova V. B. Application of the system-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan in forensic science on the example of the investigation of violent crimes of a sexual nature. // Legality and law and order in modern society: collection of materials of the XI International scientific and practical conference / under total. ed. S. S. Chernov. - Novosibirsk: Publishing house of NSTU, 2012. p. 98 - 103.
- Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary. / Ch. ed. V. N. Yartseva. - M.: Sov. encyclopedia, 1990.-- 685 p. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://tapemark.narod.ru/les/index.html (date of access: 12.04.2015).
- Sabaneeva M. K. Roman protoarticles in the bowels of Latin: questions of theory and genesis. // Questions of linguistics. 2003, No. 6, p. 4 - 13.
- System-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan. Reviews of professionals: psychiatrists, psychologists, psychotherapists, doctors and educators. [Electronic resource]. URL: //www.yburlan.ru/results/all/psihologi (date of access: 20.05.2015).
- System-vector psychology of Yuri Burlan. Reviews of professionals: other professions. [Electronic resource]. URL: //www.yburlan.ru/results/all/drugie-professii (date accessed: 20.05.2015).
- Tenier L. Fundamentals of structural syntax / per. with fr. - M.: Progress, 1988.-- 656 p.
- Freud Z. Character and anal erotica [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.gramotey.com/?open_file=1269084271 (date accessed: 13.07.2015).
- Chebaevskaya OV Manifestations of the mentality of the people in the grammar of the language. // Philological sciences. Questions of theory and practice, 2013, No. 4 (22), part 2, p. 199 - 206.
