Stalin. Part 15: The last decade before the war. Death of Hope
The Soviet people learned the name of Nadezhda Alliluyeva after her death. It was not customary to advertise the family life of state leaders at that time. A 30-year-old beautiful woman, mother of two children and the wife of the almighty I. V. Stalin suddenly passed away. Let's try to restore her psychological profile and systematically understand her choice.
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“We are 50-100 years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in ten years. Either we do it, or they will crush us. " This was said in 1931. Exactly 10 years later, the war began. What is this, accidentally dropped round number? Of course not. Stalin knew that the war could not be avoided, and unconsciously sensed when it would begin. All the "mistakes" and delays on the eve of the war were the result of attempts to interfere with the animal "feel" of the rational mind. An unmistakable olfactory scent indicated the date of the invasion ten years before June 22, 1941. A monstrously short time. Incredible event compression. And what? In THREE years the aviation industry was created from scratch. It is impossible to imagine even now, in the age of technology.
What's the industry. A change of people took place. Through massive repressions and the incredible accomplishments of those, without exaggeration, hellish years from the 30s to the 40s, the Soviet Union was massively growing into the rapidly becoming more complex landscape, we rushed into the air with aviation and bit into the ground by the metro. On Red Square, the Iverskaya chapel was being dismantled, interfering with the holding of future military parades, parades of victories. The olfactory leader of the USSR did not doubt that they would be.
1. The wife of someone who is alone all the time
The Soviet people learned the name of Nadezhda Alliluyeva after her death. It was not customary to advertise the family life of state leaders at that time. A 30-year-old beautiful woman, mother of two children and the wife of the almighty I. V. Stalin suddenly passed away. A sudden exacerbation of the disease was officially announced, but literally the day before she was seen at a reception at the Voroshilovs', and a few hours before her death - at a concert in the Kremlin. Rumors spread. The foreign press did not skimp on the version: a car accident, poisoning, murder.
We still do not know the reasons why NS Alliluyeva shot herself. The last straw, which pushed to a fatal decision, as a rule, is cosmically far from the true causes of the tragedy. Information about Nadezhda Sergeevna Alliluyeva is scarce and contradictory. Let's try to restore her psychological profile and systematically understand her choice.
14-year-old schoolgirl Nadya Alliluyeva is fascinated by her father's mysterious and gloomy (in her understanding, demonic) friend. In a family environment, so rare for a wanderer through prisons and exile, Joseph seems to thaw out. It turns out that he knows how to joke softly and be pleasant in communication. A light Caucasian accent gives Soso an additional flair of a romantic hero. Revolutionary, conspirator, underground fighter - all this could not but excite the vivid imagination of the girl, whose visual-dermal ligament of the psychic is obvious. Nadezhda agrees to marry Joseph without hesitation and even leaves the gymnasium: there is no time to study, ahead is a life full of adventures, which she so dreamed of!
Nadezhda and Joseph spend their honeymoon in Tsaritsyn, where Stalin eliminates the sabotage of grain procurers, fights with the military and gets his way. The barge with the recalcitrant was sunk. The country received bread. Working side by side with her husband, Nadezhda could not have been unaware of the details of his work. But that was the time. If the enemy did not surrender, he was destroyed. The death of the "unfinished counter" was inevitable and was fully justified by the idea of a world revolution, which the newlyweds served with all the detachment of sound immersion. The world revolution was to be victorious in the near future; the kingdom of truth was coming tomorrow. Nadezhda Alliluyeva is at the epicenter of the revolution, she joins the RCP (b), works in the secretariat of Lenin, then Stalin.
However, the kingdom of truth did not come. A long, exhausting construction of the kingdom of one single truth lay ahead. While Nadezhda Sergeevna was making up her opinion about the events in the country from newspapers and speeches of party leaders, everything was fine. However, the active nature of NS Alliluyeva could not be satisfied with the role of a wife, even if Stalin himself. N. S. was torn from the vicious circle of her husband's confidants. The birth of children (in 1921 Vasily and in 1926 Svetlana) could not keep a young skin-visual woman with sound at the family hearth. In the memories of Svetlana's daughter, the mother is a wonderful, smelling of perfume, but a fleeting vision.
Completely immersed in the affairs of the state, JV Stalin is not able to give his wife as much attention as she would like. When Nadezhda is gone, IV will only blame himself: "There was no time to take her to the cinema."
N. Alliluyeva wanted a bright, eventful life, lively, interesting work. Instead, she increasingly felt the emptiness of loneliness and the meaninglessness of life. Sound shortages were expressed by severe headaches, bouts of depression, sudden outbursts of mood. In 1929 N. Alliluyeva became a student. It seemed that this was a way out: a change of scenery, communication with people. Stalin was against this idea, but the entourage managed to convince him. Together with Alliluyeva, several "students" from the NKVD attended classes at the Industrial Academy; even the rector did not know that Stalin's wife was studying at the academy.
It is believed that one of the reasons for N. S. Alliluyeva's suicide was communication with students. Not knowing who she was, people shared with Nadezhda Sergeevna the terrible truth about Stalin's collectivization. This was a severe blow to the sight and sound of N. S. The horror of the violent death of thousands of people in peacetime and the complete defeat of the ideas of the world revolution in aggregate could cause a chain reaction that led to a tragic denouement.
2. "Our twins"
Many could not stand the collapse of ideas at that distant time. Sound engineers, ready to give their lives for an idea, in a state of sound void become time bombs. Their life is meaningless, which means it deserves an early end. In 1925, S. Yesenin hanged himself, Mayakovsky shot himself five years later, putting an end to the revolutionary ideals of the recent past. An invisible, but very strongly felt in the sound psychic change of epochs took place. The time of revolutionary urethral-sound-visual romance is over. The era of sonic involvement in the olfactory construction of conditions for the survival of the flock was coming. We needed sound specialists of a different breed, a different level of development.
The ingenious B. Pasternak tried to describe this state in the senses:
I understood: everything is alive.
Centuries are not lost.
And life without profit is an
enviable part.
There were massacres, And they were eaten alive, -
But forever our twins
Thundered like a nightingale.
"Our twins" - this is how the sound Pasternak designated the olfactory Stalin, to whom these verses are dedicated. To survive in a new era, it was necessary to have a level of sound development adequate to the Stalinist sense of smell. Only then could the corridor for the flock's advance into the future be built by "twins": smell and sound. Pasternak called Stalin "a genius of deed" and believed "in knowing about each other / the two extreme beginnings."
3. Did not save
But back to Nadezhda Alliluyeva. The relationship of the spouses is getting colder. The attendant notices intemperance on both sides, quarrels often break out. Apparently, N. S. tried to express her opinion to her husband about what she had heard from fellow students. Stalin contemptuously cut off his wife, believing that she was meddling in other matters. Stalin was accustomed to seeing Nadezhda as a like-minded person; he did not need accusations, reproaches and hysteria.
Increasingly, Stalin went to spend the night at his dacha in Zubalovo. Rarely alone, as a rule, in the company of people close to him, including women. A flame of jealousy flared up in Alliluyeva. She was jealous of her husband for all women at once and for each one individually: from the wives of associates to the hairdresser. According to the recollections of the nanny of the children of Stalin and Alliluyeva, NS often repeated in conversations with her gymnasium friends: "Everything is disgusted", "Nothing pleases." "Well, what about children, children?" they asked her. - "Everyone, and children," repeated N. S.
On November 7, 1932, Stalin and his wife attended a concert at the Bolshoi Theater. Nadezhda Sergeevna had a painful headache, but the protocol did not allow her to leave. The next day, the celebration of the anniversary of the revolution continued with a banquet at the Voroshilovs'. Stalin sat opposite his wife and threw bread crumb at her. It was his usual home joke. Only Nadezhda Sergeevna had no time for jokes.
My head ached from the noise and speech. Toast after toast followed, empty, as it seemed to Nadezhda Sergeevna, praises of the revolution, the death of which Alliluyeva felt with all her sonic being. For the revolutionary, who found herself at the same time as the Leninist guard, the revolution was over. They talked about the successes of industrialization, and before N. S.'s eyes stood people freezing and dying of hunger. What have these well-fed, shiny faces, these chewing mouths, these talking heads in common with the revolution?
She tried to drink wine, but this only made it worse, the headache became unbearable. Nadezhda Sergeevna, pale, with a frozen face and fixed gaze, fell out of the general feast. Rough Hey you! Drink!”, Uttered by Stalin in her address, in a different situation would pass for liberty, quite acceptable between loved ones. But not right now.
The headache mingled with an indescribable longing. NS hurried home. At night she was gone. No one heard Little Walter's shot. Even the guards mistook this sound for a door slam. Only in the morning was Nadezhda Sergeevna found by the housekeeper in a pool of blood with a pistol in her hand. “I didn’t save it,” Stalin said at his wife's coffin. He looked extremely depressed. N. S.'s funeral was magnificent and solemn. Stalin buried his wife in the cemetery, according to Christian tradition, he did not cremate, as it was then accepted among the party elite. For a long time at night JV Stalin came to his wife's grave, sat and thoughtfully smoked pipe after pipe.
Many researchers believe that after the death of his wife, Stalin changed dramatically. The reason for these changes is seen as a sense of guilt, which, of course, could not be. But there was also something else. The closest flock (family) is no longer safe. Stalin moves away from his relatives, and travels to Zubalovo less and less. A small one-story dacha is being built for him in Kuntsevo, the so-called near. Relatives will be replaced by the KGB service, under whose tutelage Stalin will live the rest of his life. He will pay more and more attention to his safety. This means that all living, “not feeling the country under them” [1], are subject to isolation or destruction.
Continue reading.
Previous parts:
Stalin. Part 1: Olfactory Providence over Holy Russia
Stalin. Part 2: Furious Koba
Stalin. Part 3: Unity of opposites
Stalin. Part 4: From Permafrost to April Theses
Stalin. Part 5: How Koba became Stalin
Stalin. Part 6: Deputy. on emergency matters
Stalin. Part 7: Ranking or the Best Disaster Cure
Stalin. Part 8: Time to Collect Stones
Stalin. Part 9: USSR and Lenin's testament
Stalin. Part 10: Die for the Future or Live Now
Stalin. Part 11: Leaderless
Stalin. Part 12: We and They
Stalin. Part 13: From plow and torch to tractors and collective farms
Stalin. Part 14: Soviet Elite Mass Culture
Stalin. Part 15: The last decade before the war. Death of Hope
Stalin. Part 16: The last decade before the war. Underground temple
Stalin. Part 17: Beloved Leader of the Soviet People
Stalin. Part 18: On the eve of the invasion
Stalin. Part 19: War
Stalin. Part 20: By Martial Law
Stalin. Part 21: Stalingrad. Kill the German!
Stalin. Part 22: Political Race. Tehran-Yalta
Stalin. Part 23: Berlin is taken. What's next?
Stalin. Part 24: Under the Seal of Silence
Stalin. Part 25: After the War
Stalin. Part 26: The Last Five Year Plan
Stalin. Part 27: Be part of the whole
[1] From a poem by O. Mandelstam, exiled for him.
