A. S. Pushkin. Mikhailovskoe: "We have a gray sky, and the moon is like a turnip …" Part 5
The frenzy of boredom and incredible breakthroughs in sound. Immersion in the depths of the Russian mentality. "Boris Godunov" - a systematic analysis. Fate and not destiny. Poet and Tsar.
Part 1 - Part 2 - Part 3 - Part 4
The frenzy of boredom and incredible breakthroughs in sound. Immersion in the depths of the Russian mentality. "Boris Godunov" - a systematic analysis. Fate and not destiny. Poet and Tsar.
Exiled to his father's Mikhailovskoye Pushkin soon remains completely alone on the estate. Sergei Lvovich can not stand the vilest duty assigned to him to watch his son and leaves for the capital. In order not to go crazy with boredom, Pushkin visits the Osipov-Wulf neighbors in Trigorskoye, where the mistress's daughters entertain AS with all their hearts with home music, and he drags out of boredom after their relative A. P. Kern. In "Eugene Onegin" Trigorskoye was taken out by the Larins' estate.
"The frenzy of boredom is devouring my stupid existence," writes Pushkin book. Vyazemsky in October 1825. The transition from the urethra to the sound is always painful, boredom does not fit the urethral leader, loneliness causes rabies. The "stupid existence" here is nothing more than an unfilled sound that declares its lack.
This borderline state will soon be replaced by sound immersion, perhaps the most fruitful in the poet's life. While the Decembrists, far from the people, are preparing their uprising, Pushkin eagerly studies the peculiarities of the Russian mentality: he goes to the Svyatye Gory fair, listens to Russian speech and the songs of poor wanderers. The appearance of A. S. at the fair in a red shirt "scandalizes the local elite", but from the poet, immersed in a sound search, all this is infinitely far.
In the monastery cell, Pushkin completely concentrates on comprehending the historical fate of Russia and the Russians. The urethral-muscular mentality of Russia, with its eternal search for the meaning of life, is close to Pushkin in terms of equality of properties. The clear sound of the psychic unconscious of Pushkin the thinker allows him to feel the idea of the future and from its height to judge the "wild slavery" of the present.
I know the spirit of my people …
The tragedy Boris Godunov, inspired by NM Karamzin's History, is a completely new, not autocratic reading of Russian history. “I feel that my spiritual powers have reached full development and that I can create,” Pushkin writes to N. N. Raevsky about this idea of his, which was realized in less than a year. "Oh yes Pushkin, oh yes son of a bitch!" - this is about "Boris Godunov". The author really liked the creation. And the censorship didn't like it. The tragedy will be delivered only 45 years later with cuts and edits.
Karamzin for the first time showed the story of Boris Godunov as a tragedy of a person with "inner anxiety of the soul, inevitable for a criminal." Pushkin managed to go beyond his teacher. Penetrating into the depths of the psyche of the protagonists, A. S. reveals the reasons for the political failure of Tsar Boris and for the first time in literature shows the Russian mentality as it is. Systemically, this can be seen especially clearly.
Your words, deeds are judged by people, / God sees only intentions
In the very first mention of Boris Godunov, Pushkin gives him an exhaustive description through the mouth of Vorotynsky:
Repentance worries the destroyer:
Of course, the blood of an innocent baby
prevents Him from entering the throne.
And through the mouth of the people:
He is frightened by the radiance of the throne.
Oh my god, who will rule us?
Godunov is afraid of the highest power, which he himself sought by all possible and impossible means. He is offended by the people who do not appreciate him:
Firefire destroyed their houses, I built them new dwellings.
They reproached me with the fire!
Here is the mob judgment: look for her love.
"Whoever dies, I am a secret murderer of all …" - complains Boris. He reached the highest power, but his soul is not happy. From what? The fact is that in the structure of the psychic unconscious of the anal-skin-muscular Godunov there are no properties corresponding to natural power, there is no urethral vector of the leader, the cap of Monomakh is heavy for him. Using the maneuverability of the skin and anal perseverance, Godunov ascends the throne, and what then? In an analistic way, he is turned to the past, "like a pestilent ulcer" Boris's soul is struck by the memories of the events in Uglich, for thirteen years he has been dreaming of the murdered prince. The tsar had no time to think about the future of Russia, he vainly seeks "the love of the rabble", trying to "cleanse himself", to balance his evil deed. Even Godunov's reaction to the news of the Pretender is nothing more than an anal resentment:
… Have you heard when, So that the dead would come out of the grave To
interrogate kings, legitimate kings, Appointed, elected by the people, Crowned by the great patriarch?
Boris is trying to back up his rule by appointment, since he does not have a natural right to the throne. Resentment, a return to the past - a dead end, zero movement, and indeed, around Godunov, time seems to stop and go backwards. Pushkin brilliantly shows this with the word: everything should be like "in previous years", "do not change the course of years", "habit is the soul of powers", "he will rule us as before." Godunov respects learning and experience, the main value for him is children, who must inherit him. Godunov has no future either psychically or in events - his children will die.
And they talk about your mercy, / What are you, they say (be not angry), and a thief, / And well done
The antipode of Godunov in Pushkin's drama is the impostor Grigory Otrepiev. His character can be judged approximately, but it is immediately clear that, in contrast to Boris, he is an ambitious and energetic person of action. The impostor conquers space and time. With its appearance in the drama, a time jump immediately occurs, time begins to flow faster. The classical unity of the place is also violated. If Godunova Pushkin shows the reader in the confined spaces of the royal chambers and the monastery, then the Pretender jumps from place to place: now he is in the governor's castle, then in the house of Vishnevetsky, then in the garden by the fountain with Marina, then in the forest with an army.
History has not preserved for us any accurate descriptions of the life and personality of Grigory Otrepiev, whose identity with False Dmitry is still disputed. AS Pushkin clearly sympathizes with the intelligent and energetic Pretender and endows him with the features of an urethral leader: "And the royal breed is visible in him." In Pushkin, Grigory addresses the soldiers: "I am glad to see you, children." These are not the children who are cared for and cherished by anal fathers, these are the children of the leader - the urethral growth that shares his fate and glory - a muscle army that perceives the psychic of its leader and therefore becomes invincible.
The impostor knows how to create the unity of the army, referring to the muscular component of the mental unconscious:
But who are these? I recognize
native clothes on them Earth. These are ours.
Gregory promises the people will, he is generous and promises to restore justice for his companions:
We know that now the Cossacks <
Unjustly oppressed, persecuted …
Praise and honor to you, freedom child!
Up front to give him a third of his salary.
The impostor regrets having to shed the blood of his people:
Russian blood, oh Kurbsky, will flow!
Well I'm leading you to the brothers …
Enough; spare Russian blood.
The Pretender's fearlessness and determination to go to the end incline the sympathies of both his associates and the reader to his side:
Now I am going - death or a crown
awaits my head in Russia.
More and more people take the side of False Dmitry and understand that "sooner or later his son Borisov will cede Moscow to him." And the point here is not in the number of troops, of which the Pretender has much less than Godunov, the Pretender is strong. “Not by the army, no, not by the Polish help, / But by opinion; Yes! people's opinion”.
… everywhere without a shot to him
Obedient surrendered cities, And the commander of the stubborn rabble knitted.
The Impostor is seen by ordinary people as a kind, real king, who provides his muscular people with basic desires, trampled by the previous rule and the accompanying crop failures and hunger. Muscular people want to eat, drink, breathe and sleep well, give birth to children and raise them in satiety. They associate with the "resurrected" prince the hope for the fulfillment of these desires, for a better life.
Deftly manipulating the basic desires of the people, experienced courtiers, boyars Vasily Shuisky and Afanasy Pushkin, achieve their goal for a while: they create a “popular opinion” in favor of the Pretender: “What to interpret? Boyarin said the truth. / Long live Dimitri, our father. " And immediately expressed in simplicity - in an oral way - the appeal “To the Kremlin! Into the royal chambers! / Go! Knit Borisov puppy! " picked up by the muscle mass: “Knit! Drown! Long live Dimitri!"
However, when it becomes clear to the people that Godunov's wife and son have been killed by boyars (strangers), there is no demand to shout "Long live!" do not work -
The people are silent
The high moral purity of the muscular people does not accept cruelty for the sake of self-interest. The murder of a woman and her son plunges people, whose meaning of life is in childbirth, into a state of silence - a gaping lack, which will necessarily be filled with rage, "Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless" towards those who see the mob, stupid trash among the people.
The open ending of the tragedy is ambiguous. The lack of a ruler equal in the mental mentality of Russia, on a historical scale, was expressed by a series of impostors and chieftains of the Time of Troubles, which became a response to the desire of the collective unconscious, still silent, vague. We know from history that the apparent silence of the people will turn into a flurry of uprisings throughout Russia, which will not end even with the election of the first Romanov, Mikhail, to the kingdom. Only Peter the Great will be able to return to Russia the losses of the Troubles, both territorial and mental. The lack of urethral power in the collective psychic of the Russian people will fill up for a while.
Pushkin's innovation lies in the fact that for the first time he managed to show the people the main driving force of the historical drama. Pushkin's people are the main character with a lively and contradictory character. The faceless and “senseless rabble” acquired a “resolute physiognomy” under the poet's pen, which, in Katenin's opinion, was lacking in the schematically outlined Pretender. Only Pushkin's deep sound understanding of muscular mentality and urethral equality of properties could give such an accurate interpretation of the urethral-muscular matrix of the mental unconscious of the Russian people.
But back to Mikhailovskoe …
Other parts:
Part 1. "The heart lives in the future"
Part 2. Childhood and Lyceum
Part 3. Petersburg: "Unrighteous Power Everywhere …"
Part 4. Southern link: "All pretty women have husbands here"
Part 6. Providence and conduct: how the hare saved the poet for Russia
Part 7. Between Moscow and St. Petersburg: "Will I soon be thirty?"
Part 8. Natalie: “My fate is decided. I am getting married.
Part 9. Kamer-junker: "I will not be a slave and a buffoon with the king of heaven"
Part 10. The last year: "There is no happiness in the world, but there is peace and will"
Part 11. Duel: "But the whisper, the laughter of fools …"
