A. S. Pushkin. Between Moscow and St. Petersburg: "Will I soon be thirty years old?" Part 7
Triumph and boredom. The new censor demands that the tragedy be transformed into an adventure novel. The Bolshoi's lodges shine and lornet the poet. High society rabble. A futile escape to Mikhailovskoye.
Part 1 - Part 2 - Part 3 - Part 4 - Part 5 - Part 6
Triumph and boredom. The new censor demands that the tragedy be transformed into an adventure novel. The Bolshoi's lodges shine and lornet the poet. High society rabble. A futile escape to Mikhailovskoye.
Until now, everything is coming true, for example, two exiles. Now the happiness must begin.
Pushkin's return to Moscow was truly triumphant. A young poet at the height of his fame. He is met in the houses of Prince. Vyazemsky, Volkonsky, Trubetskoy, “in all societies, at all balls, the first attention was directed to our guest, in the mazurka and cotillion the ladies were constantly choosing the poet,” writes SP Shevyrev. When Pushkin appears in the stalls of the Bolshoi Theater, all eyes are turned on him, everyone around is pronouncing the name of their favorite poet.
For the first time, with a large crowd of listeners, Pushkin reads "Boris Godunov". Usually he did not like to read his poems in public, he read only to the closest people. The listeners, brought up on the verses of Lomonosov and Derzhavin, accustomed to pretentious chanting reading, are amazed to hear "a simple, clear, ordinary and yet poetic, fascinating speech!" - recalls M. P. Pogodin.
At first, everyone listened in bewilderment, but the further, the stronger was the influence of the poetry and the deep voice of the poet. Finally, everyone was in a frenzied excitement, exclamations began, jumping up from their seats, "who was thrown into a fever, someone in a chill, their hair stood on end." The end of the reading was marked by tears, laughter and hugs. Inspired by such a reception, Pushkin began to read more - about Stenka Razin, excerpts from Poltava. The shortage was colossal after "The people are silent", it had to be filled and with whom, if not Stenka and Peter?
The poet soon becomes bored with triumph. Moscow with its balls and feasts filled and satiated A. S., his innocent laughter is heard less and less often, gloom is more and more often. Sound claims its rights to the soul of genius, Pushkin is drawn to the countryside - "free to an abandoned prison." Here, in Moscow, the supervision of the poet does not weaken, every step he takes is immediately reported to the chief of the gendarmes Benckendorff. The "patronage" of the tsar burdens the freedom-loving Pushkin, the freedom promised by the tsar-hypocrite turns into petty quibbles and recommendations on the verge of idiocy - like remaking "Boris Godunov" into the likeness of a novel that has come into fashion by Walter Scott.
“Here the melancholy is still … Spies, dragoons, bl … and drunks hustle with us from morning to evening” (P. P. Kaverin 18.02.1827 from Moscow).
By returning Pushkin from exile, the tsar achieved his goal, "the public could not find enough praise for this royal favor" (F. Malevsky). With his reason, Pushkin still hopes for the tsar's mercy to the fallen, but unconsciously he already feels deception and new bondage. The poet either falls into an urethral spree with wine and cards (plays a chapter from Onegin - big money, 25 rubles per line!), Then sinks into the black void of depression, when his face, overgrown with whiskers completely, acquires sharp vertical wrinkles, and usually bright eyes become "glassy".
Pushkin's portraits of this time are very different. This or that vector of the psychic leaves its imprint on the body, that's why the appearance of urethral sound specialists can change completely, the nature of the urethra and sound is so different. In the memories of Pushkin's appearance, you can find the whole spectrum: from "incredibly beautiful" and "very handsome" to "gloomy gloomy" and "defiantly ugly", from "a face that does not promise anything" to "a face on which the mind sparkles." … Eyes that are "soulful", "smart", then "glass", "buttons".
Those who saw the poet especially distinguished his laughter: "Laughed contagiously and loudly, showing two rows of even teeth, with which only pearls could be equal in whiteness." When the smile faded and the thought darkened Pushkin's face, he seemed to grow older, which was emphasized by the deep wrinkles that had come from nowhere in less than 30 years. In search of filling the sound void, Pushkin goes to "bury himself in the village."
Having played both "Onegin", and pistols, and in addition won 1,500 rubles, breaking wheels on the way and being turned over as a driver, A. S. again finds himself in Mikhailovsky for seven months.
A rare master was greeted like Pushkin! Dvorna truly loved her “breadwinner”. Urethral generous, A. S. had the habit of paying his serfs for services with money, he did not give the beggars less than 25 rubles. He could suddenly give a few acres of land to the priest, as a son courted an old nanny when she was sick. People paid Pushkin not with ostentatious love, they really adored him. "Our benefactor was, the breadwinner!" - the peasants recalled about Pushkin after his death.
"You know, I am not writhing sensitivity, but the meeting of my courtyard … and my nanny, by God, tickles my heart more pleasantly than fame, the pleasures of pride, absent-mindedness, etc.," Pushkin writes to Vyazemsky from Mikhailovsky on November 9, 1826. on the first route, Pushkin again went to Moscow. This time, inspiration did not visit the poet in Mikhailovsky, the abyss of sound depression was too deep to patch it up with poetry.
Princess Maria Volkonskaya followed her husband to Siberia. Pushkin wanted to convey a message with her to friends. The idea of a composition about Pugachev matures in it. “I will go to the places, I will move across the Urals, I will travel further and come to ask you for asylum in the Nerchinsk mines,” says A. S. to the princess. If he could escape from his own prison, the courtyard of which was graciously cleared for him to Moscow and St. Petersburg …
The editor, MP Pogodin, came to Pushkin one morning to get a poem for the Moskovsky Vestnik. The poet has just returned from the "leisure night". It was strange for the respected editor to "find himself from the field of poetry in the field of prose." The faithful companion of all glory, the slander "about listening and spying before the sovereign" is a new disembodied enemy of the poet. Rumors cannot be challenged to a duel, cannot be destroyed. There is no one to pour out his anger on, and Pushkin seeks ecstasy not in battle, but in a feast: revelry, cards, women, duels … Around A. S. there is always a bunch of people shouting "vivat", but in the mental "loss of five teeth", defeat from "unrighteous power", incompatible with the urethral sense of self.
In a sound depression, Pushkin leaves Moscow and goes to St. Petersburg, so that from there he also rushes out of the bounds, now to Mikhailovskoye, now to the Turkish war. On the wires he was absent-minded, sad, did not smile, “almost without saying a kind word to anyone, he drove off in the darkness of the night” (K. A. Polevoy).
"And I (between us) have already lost about 20 thousand" (Pushkin - Yakovlev).
Whatever the income of the urethral leader, his spending always exceeds reasonable considerations. In St. Petersburg, the poet spends his time in revelry, as before in Moscow. Count Zavadovsky, seeing the rich treat presented by A. S. for his friends, the young guardsmen, cannot hide his amazement: "However, Alexander Sergeevich, it seems that your wallet is tight!" - "Why, I am richer than you," replied Pushkin, "sometimes you have to live and wait for money from the villages, but I have a constant income from thirty-six letters of the Russian alphabet!" (Prince A. F. Golitsyn-Prozorovsky).
Staying in the urethral phase of his psychic, Pushkin feels himself younger than his years. His friends are young officers, junkers. Treating them from their royalties is still Pushkin's favorite pastime of a bachelor. The fees are substantial, publishers "pay in gold for golden poetry." However, the poet's lifestyle also requires large investments. Remaining aground, A. S. easily borrows money from friends and again starts spending. Pushkin plays passionately, and often the shtos takes away not only money, but also already written works, with which A. S. easily pays.
The trade in poetry terrified some scrupulous connoisseurs of poetry, but Pushkin himself openly declared: "Poetry is my craft." He always wrote quickly, by inspiration, he threw out the poems that he did not like, immediately forgetting about them. So he wrote to "Poltava": three weeks without stopping, occasionally only running out to a nearby tavern to have a bite. Editors and readers waited impatiently for each poem by Pushkin, censors with fear.
Colleagues in the pen often tried to somehow influence Pushkin so that he would streamline his life. Such attempts have always remained unsuccessful: “He is at home only at nine in the morning, at this time I go to the Tsar’s service, he only visits a club, where I have no right to enter,” complained the writer and diplomat VP Titov.
“We galloped to look for him and found him galloping with a saber bald, against the Turks flying at him” (MI Pushchin).
When the Turkish war began, Pushkin began to ask for a volunteer in the army. He always unconsciously aspired to war, where he could fully realize his urethral nature. "The involuntary melancholy drove me" - this is how the poet describes his condition. The cautious Benckendorff did not refuse and did not allow, but offered Pushkin a service in his III department, which, given the nature of A. S., was tantamount to a refusal.
The poet's reaction was the same as in the first exile in Yekaterinoslav: the indignant psychic responded with a serious illness of the body. Pushkin stopped eating and sleeping, lay at home, did not receive anyone. But not for long. Soon the forces returned to the poet and he decided to go to the troops at random, without permission. Pushkin left for Tiflis and in the spring of 1829 joined the army in the field. Despite all sorts of obstacles posed to him, the poet managed to take part in hostilities.
This is what N. I. Ushakov recalls in his "History of military operations in Turkey":
“On June 14, 1829, the troops, having made a difficult transition, were resting. The enemy suddenly attacked our forward line. Pushkin immediately jumped out of the headquarters, got on his horse and instantly found himself at the outposts. The experienced Major Semichev, sent by General Raevsky after the poet, barely overtook him and forced him out of the front line of the Cossacks at the moment when Pushkin, inspired by courage, seizing a pike after one of the killed Cossacks, rushed against the enemy horsemen. It is possible to believe that our donors were extremely amazed to see in front of them an unfamiliar hero in a round hat and a burka”.
Upon the poet's return to Petersburg, the tsar asked Pushkin how he dared to appear in the army without the royal permission: "Do you not know that my army?" To know something knew, of course, Pushkin. Inwardly, he did not feel his subordination to the skin king. Nature builds its unmistakable table of ranks, where positions may not coincide with human laws of inheritance and personal growth.
Pushkin of this period was no longer a young man, close friends noted that he "seemed not to be in a stroke". Gypsy visits and karting give way to longer periods of seclusion. Pushkin willingly goes to concerts, listens to Mozart's Requiem and Beethoven's symphonies. When poetry does not add up, writes down thoughts in prose.
The police surveillance has not been removed from Pushkin, there are few new poems for the censorship, it prowls through the past. Either the "Gavriliada" disagreeable to the Synod pops up - a mischievous joke about the adventures of the Virgin Mary, then the maniacal censor suddenly "begins to see clearly" that Andrei Chenier, written six months before the uprising on Senate Square, is dedicated to December 14! Pushkin is called in for an explanation. He talks about the French Revolution, the victim of which fell the unfortunate Chénier.
What is more absurd for a poet than to explain his poetry? Pushkin could not stand this and never did, but here he has to explain - and to whom! In the rush between Moscow and St. Petersburg with explanations and proofs, sooner or later a sound collapse had to come. And he came. During the next literary meeting at Zinaida Volkonskaya, Pushkin was asked to read poetry, which he could not stand. Urethral anger fueled sound arrogance - and "rabble" fired at "a small, not far off humanity" (Yu. B.):
Go away - what
does the Peaceful Poet care about you!
In debauchery, boldly turn to stone, The voice of the lyre will not revive you!
You are disgusting to the soul, like coffins.
For your stupidity and anger
Have you hitherto Had
whips, dungeons, axes;
Enough with you insane slaves!
And this is Pushkin, "who has accumulated the inexhaustible reserves of the human heart", before whom "everyone was in awe" and whom they admired, "inexpressibly dear", "the delight of wives"? Yes, and that's him too. The hypostasis is sound, unfilled.
Even genius poems are not able to fill the sound, the lack of which is equal to infinity. In sensations, this is a sucking feeling of melancholy, restlessness, “irresistible moral fatigue,” in a word, misery. Not finding within his psychic dualism a sufficient "center of gravity" for a feeling of simple everyday happiness (like others!), A. Pushkin decides … to marry.
Other parts:
Part 1. "The heart lives in the future"
Part 2. Childhood and Lyceum
Part 3. Petersburg: "Unrighteous Power Everywhere …"
Part 4. Southern link: "All pretty women have husbands here"
Part 5. Mikhailovskoe: "We have a gray sky, and the moon is like a turnip …"
Part 6. Providence and conduct: how the hare saved the poet for Russia
Part 8. Natalie: “My fate is decided. I am getting married.
Part 9. Kamer-junker: "I will not be a slave and a buffoon with the king of heaven"
Part 10. The last year: "There is no happiness in the world, but there is peace and will"
Part 11. Duel: "But the whisper, the laughter of fools …"
